Purposeful Planning

What’s Here

If you want to create a more unified, thematic approach to our curriculum that makes learning more meaningful for students, read on! This page (which is adapted from The Cornerstone book) shares ways to set goals, collect and organize resources, and create long- and short-term lesson plans that not only align with what your school district requires, but with what YOU know is best practice for your students.

Is This Your Idea of How to Plan Lessons?

All of us can think of a time in which we didn’t understand what we were supposed to be teaching or how, and the impact our unpreparedness had on the flow and effectiveness of the lesson.  There are no routines or procedures that can make up for a lack of clearly defined activities that achieve a common purpose.  Why plan procedure practice if there is no ultimate goal for student learning?  How can we meticulously plan our routines and daily schedule yet neglect to have a vision for what students will learn and achieve throughout the year?

Lesson planning is a very individual process that will vary according to your needs and preferences, the structure of your class, and mandates by your administration.  I have taught in schools that left me completely on my own and gave almost total freedom as to which skills I taught and when.  Other schools provided a pacing guide that told me exactly what to teach at every moment of the day with such precision that I could have told you in August what I would be doing at 9:45 a.m. on April 19^th.  Your situation could be at either extreme or someplace in the middle, which makes it difficult for me to give general advice about lesson planning.  Instead, I’ll try to provide guidelines to help you streamline the system you’re supposed to use and reflect on your practice in a way that isn’t overwhelming.

If you want to create a more unified, thematic approach to your curriculum that makes learning more meaningful for students, read on for ways to set goals, collect and organize resources, and create long- and short-term lesson plans that not only align with what your school district requires, but with what YOU know is best practice for your students.

Using a Daily Plan Book

When I first started teaching, I used standard lesson plan books with one square for each subject.  I wrote out every detail of what I planned to do to make sure I didn’t forget anything.  Over time, I felt like I was rewriting the same things too often, so I developed my own weekly lesson plan format in a word processing document (which can be downloaded on my website).  Now I print it out and photocopy the pages back to back.

When I sit down to plan for the upcoming months, I copy the skill from my pacing guides into each lesson plan block and underline it as a title for the lesson, such as “Equivalent Fractions” or “The Inner Planets.”  When all the skills are written in for the time period I’m planning for, I go back and write activities related to the skills, one subject area at a time.  Seeing the order in which skills will be taught for each day of the month helps me keep the big picture in mind as I plan specific lessons.  I use my lesson resources to help me fill in the activities, pulling out the related drawer or magazine file boxes to see what materials and worksheets I have and setting up a pile of things to get photocopied.

Advice for Daily/Weekly Lesson Planning

Check your district requirements. Some districts and administrators want teachers to write lesson objectives, homework assignments, how instruction will be differentiated, etc., in their plan books.  Find out what is being asked of you and if it seems excessive, check with your union representative to determine your contractual obligations.  I once worked for a principal that asked teachers to document far more information than would ever fit in our planning pages; in another county, I heard of principals who were requiring typed lesson plans to be posted online.  In both situations, our contracts specified that we could not legally be required to do those things. 

Consider typing your reading group plans if you follow a similar format each day. I did this for language arts in one school because our 120-minute block was very regimented.  I enjoyed the consistency of the schedule and found that printing out an outline of the block and then handwriting the specifics for the week saved me a lot of time and helped me feel more prepared.

Underline the materials needed for each lesson. At the beginning of the day (or the afternoon before), you can quickly glance over the day’s lessons and see what things you need to gather or prepare.

Design a rough outline of your plans for an entire month or unit, then fill in the details as you go. There is something to be said for student-centered curriculum and basing future instruction on how well children are mastering the current skills.  However, planning day-by-day or week-by-week does not enable you to focus on the big picture of what you want your kids to ultimately learn, unless you are following a pacing guide.  You may not want to plan all of the activities for next month quite yet, but write down the skills or concepts you want to cover for each day, leaving yourself several days for review and catch-up activities.  The week before you teach, you can choose the exact lessons and materials to use and fill them in your plan book.

Have a regular, uninterrupted time for lesson planning. When I switched from third to second grade, I used to take all my manuals home every other weekend.  (Of course, you may now be able to access most of your teaching guides online so it won’t be necessary to drag everything around!)  I would spend about two hours on Sunday afternoons planning.  To me, it was worth the time investment because I felt so much more prepared at school.  In other teaching situations, I knew the curriculum so well that I really didn’t have to plan at home, although I did occasionally.  The newer you are to the teaching profession/your grade level/your curriculum, the more important it will be to set apart time to really concentrate and create plans you are excited to teach.  The longer you’ve been teaching, the easier it will be for you to work more spontaneously.  I often write the skill or objective I want to teach and that’s it: then, the morning of the lesson, I’ll come up with a way to teach it that suits my mood, the kids’ moods, and the day’s schedule. 

Use sticky notes to reflect on what did and didn’t work for next year’s reference. I have one sticky for the week that I place on the bottom right hand corner of the page and write notes to myself for next year (“Measuring took longer than I thought—allow about 20 minutes” or “Kids loved main idea posters—give them time to explain with partners”).  If your school collects lesson plans at the end of the year, you may want to write your notes on a separate sheet of paper, and then photocopy the notes and the lesson plan pages in June.

There’s more!  In the rest of chapter 19 of The Cornerstone book, you’ll find:

*Who determines what you’re REALLY teaching? The answer (along with your responsibilities for addressing deficiencies in the system) may surprise you!
*4 planning basics ALL teachers should have
*Daily lesson plan options: how to streamline the time you spend preparing instruction
*How backwards planning and pacing guides can give your long-range plans a vision and direction
*Too many ideas, too little time: how to develop a repertoire of teaching strategies and a plan to implement them
*Easy and inexpensive ways to obtain and organize your ideas
*3 questions to ask yourself when reflecting and planning new strategies for the following school year: make a personal plan to improve your teaching with small, manageable goals

Free Printables Referenced in the Book

Blank long-range planning form
Homework: already listed
Homework: sectioned by day
Homework: sectioned by subject
Language arts block planner
Lesson plans: first week
Math assessment sheet
Missing work form 1 (large)
Missing work form 2 (new)
Missing work form 3 (original)
Planning pages blank
Planning pages

Cornerstone Cross-Reference

Find even MORE info about planning and assessment in The Cornerstone book! Book-exclusive content includes:

Ch. 5: Finding and Filing Instructional Resources
*Specific guidelines for managing your lesson materials for each subject area

Ch. 19: Purposeful Planning
*Who determines what you’re REALLY teaching? The answer (along with your responsibilities for addressing deficiencies in the system) may surprise you!
*4 planning basics ALL teachers should have
*Daily lesson plan options: how to streamline the time you spend preparing for instruction
*How UBD, backwards planning, and pacing guides can give your long-range plans a vision and direction
*Too many ideas, too little time: how to develop a repertoire of teaching strategies and a plan to implement them
*Easy and inexpensive ways to obtain and organize your ideas
*3 questions to ask yourself when reflecting and planning new strategies for the following school year: make a personal plan to improve your teaching with small, manageable goals

Ch. 20: Managing Small Group Instruction
*Organizing your area and materials: photos and tips for setting up your reading group location
*Deciding on the number of groups and materials for each (and what to do with the kids who don’t fit in any group)
*Flexible reading groups: how to manage your routines while pulling only the kids who need to work on a particular skill
*How to select your small group components and create a workable rotation schedule even with limited time
*Is self-selected reading a waste of time? What the research says, and how you can apply it to self-selected reading procedures in your classroom
*Self-selected reading guidelines: what students should be doing and how to teach them your procedures, how to assess progress through reading conferences, using individual book boxes, keeping meaningful reading logs, and more!

Ch. 21: Rethinking Centers
*How centers can be used throughout the day: morning work, Fun Friday, during instructional time, and more!
*How mixed ability center groups can help kids stay on-task during centers and make the activities more meaningful
*Centerjobs: 5 pages of ideas to help you create specific self-paced center tasks that are quick and easy to make and assess

Ch. 22: Standardized Testing
*De-stressing ideas for test breaks: games and activities to help kids relax and re-focus
*Making test week the highlight of the year: a variety of ideas from website visitors on making testing special and fun
*The importance of choosing a school and district with responsible views towards testing: what successful schools have in common

Ch. 23: Eliminating Homework Hassles
*8 choices to make when creating your homework system: there are no right or wrong answers!

Ch. 24: Quick and Easy Assessment
*Rethinking paper-and-pencil work: alternative activities that will save you time and photocopies!
*Includes an entire page of tips on obtaining dirt cheap individual dry erase boards and managing them in instruction
*Informal assessment methods: using benchmark students, reflection questions, a 3 Things poster, learning timeline, and exit tickets
*A simple way to tell and track: do they REALLY understand?
*Ways to involve students in the assessment process (each one involves less grading for you!)
*What not to grade: 3 questions to ask yourself when determining whether or not to grade an assignment
*What to do with work you don’t grade (and why it’s alright to–gasp–throw some papers away!)

Recommended Resources

These two books are wonderful planning resources.
Understanding by Design is a great ‘backwards-planning’ tool.

Related Blog Posts

Quick Checks for the End of a Lesson or Day
Standardized Testing: Tips for Surviving the Least Wonderful Time of the Year
Exposing NCLB and Test-Based Accountability

Now What?

Visit the main Planning and Assessment page
Learn how to assess students quickly and easily on the Grading Made Simple page
Get tips for making testing less stressful on the Surviving Standardized Testing page
Check out different ways to fit everything into your day on The Daily Schedule page